All Transport

• Develop long-term strategic infrastructure plans that explicitly identify transport policy objectives.

• Broaden project appraisal to ensure its processes and practices take account of all transport policy objectives, as embedded in strategic infrastructure plans.

• Incorporate accessibility indicators, or other relevant tools, to assess equity impacts in transport project appraisals.

• Provide detailed guidance on accounting for climate change impacts in transport project appraisals, incorporating clear linkages between shadow carbon prices and emissions reductions commitments.

• Present the results of transport project appraisals in a transparent and concise format that highlights needs-case assessments.

• Ensure decision-making processes for large investments in transport systems account for uncertainties and the need for broad stakeholder support.

• Integrate technical assessment, process management and public engagement into decision processes for major transport infrastructure investments.

• Undertake systematic ex-post evaluation for all transport infrastructure projects entailing expenditure above an identified level.

• Consider the merits of the permanent observatory model as a means of maximising the quality of evaluations.

• Target road freight to achieve significant reductions in transport CO2 emissions.
• Accelerate aviation's technology and fuel transition to reduce emissions.
• Reduce urban transport's carbon footprint by leveraging public transport and active modes post the pandemic.
• Link decarbonisation and regional connectivity to develop resilient transport sectors.
• Establish coherent freight reforms for sustainable outcomes.

• Formulate a countrywide accessibility policy and implement Sustainable Regional Mobility Plans (SRMP).
• Adopt a whole-of-government approach for rural public services and the local economy.
• Make regulations more flexible to allow for the development of innovative, cost-effective mobility solutions.
• Combine public mobility budgets to achieve cost savings.
• Fund pilot schemes to test innovative mobility concepts.
• Prioritise financial support for innovative services according to higher impact levels rather than use of high tech.
• Use innovative financing approaches to increase funding pools and viability of individual transport services.
• Increase central government funding for shared and active travel in rural areas.
• Provide technical assistance for rural mobility at the national or regional level.
• Promote mobility hubs to connect local services to the core network.
• Support the development of national or regional Mobility as a Service (MaaS).

• Set clear mitigation targets for the transport sector.
• Ensure national decarbonisation plans are fully reflected in the NDCs.
• Break down silos between transport and related sectors. Include all stakeholders.
• Enhance coordination of climate policy across national ministries.

• Align Covid-19 recovery packages to revive the economy, combat climate change and strengthen equity.
• Implement much more ambitious policies that will reverse the growth of transport CO2 emissions.
• Target different transport sectors with strategies that reflect their specific decarbonisation potential and challenges.
• Support innovation to accelerate the technological breakthroughs needed to decarbonise transport.
• Shift the priority to improving accessibility.
• Intensify collaboration with non-transport sectors and between public and private actors. 

• Improve the collection and dissemination of disaggregated data on the level and characteristics of private investments in transport infrastructure.

• Distinguish between infrastructure and the operations that take place on it.
• To pursue private investment in infrastructure, choose between competition for the contract or the regulated model.
• Differentiate between attracting private investors in existing assets (privatisation) and in new infrastructure PPPs.

Editor:

Policy Insights

• Develop coherent electric mobility strategies for urban areas.
• Tailor urban decarbonising pathways to the development priorities of different country groups.
• Engage in holistic and prospective urban development planning that prioritises connectivity between different modes of travel.
• Forge new collaborations between relevant actors to address the sustainability challenges of urban passenger transport.
• Continue to employ and refine demand management measures to incentivise the use of sustainable transport modes.
• Consider behavioural factors in both supply- and demand-side decarbonisation measures for urban transport.

• Pursue private investment in infrastructure on the merits of improved efficiency.
• Invest more into upfront preparation of projects to reduce inefficient risk pricing by suppliers.
• Undertake a comprehensive analysis of how to assist suppliers.
• The pursuit of certainty in delivery should be balanced against cost.
• Stimulate innovation through early contractor involvement or alliancing, not public-private partnerships.
• Avoid transferring demand risk to public-private partnerships if service levels do not strongly impact demand.
• Bundle and cross-fund public-private partnerships to reduce demand risk.
• Adopt the regulatory asset base model where competition is absent or demand not strongly endogenous.
• Introduce a transparent public accounting standard to maximise the value for money of private investment.
• Foster competitive markets to achieve cost-effective infrastructure.
• Pursue data collection on how contract design affects project outcomes.
• Support the development of an evidence-supported procurement tool.

• Design interchange stations to provide secure, uncongested conditions for transfer by the shortest routes possible.
• Provide adequate bike parking areas at stations and stops.
• Integrate ticketing and information systems as well as the physical transport infrastructure.
• Establish integrated urban transport plans in consultation with stakeholders and the public.

• Les directives relatives à l’ACA peuvent être élargies pour prendre en compte la fiabilité et certains effets plus larges.
• Des travaux de recherche supplémentaires sont nécessaires sur les avantages en matière de fiabilité afin d’améliorer la confiance dans les résultats.
• Les effets économiques plus larges devraient être étudiés dans les cas où l’on s’attend à ce qu’ils soient importants.
• Des travaux de recherche supplémentaires sont nécessaires sur les effets plus larges à saisir et les outils permettant de le faire.
• L’ACA peut jouer un rôle important dans la prise de décision, mais ne doit pas occuper une place prépondérante.

• Consolidate the use of on-board diagnostic system checks in the mandatory vehicle inspection and maintenance programme.
• Adopt state-of-the-art emissions standards for heavy duty diesel vehicles without delay.
• Verify vehicle emissions in real world driving conditions.
• Continuously update the system of restrictions on vehicle use in the Metropolitan Zone of the Valle de Mexico and improve enforcement.
• Phase in a city-wide low emissions zone and consider road pricing.
• Differentiate the tax on vehicle ownership to provide incentives for cleaner cars.
• Introduce incentives for ultra-low sulphur diesel and gasoline at national level.
• Reduce speeds on motorways and ring roads.
• Manage parking more effectively.
• Improve sustainable transport alternatives to cars and taxis.
• Consolidate initiatives to integrate land-use and transport planning.
• Improve retrofit programmes with inspection, maintenance and quality certification.
• Introduce emissions regulations for off-road vehicles and mobile machinery.
• Invest more in communicating with the public on the development of new anti-pollution measures.

• Data collection for evaluation needs to be planned for from the outset.
• Audit transport projects throughout the project stages
• Use independent organisations to carry out audits of transport projects.
• Recognise the variety of economic goals targeted by transport investments.
• Involve local partners in providing evidence on performance.