All Transport

• Replace “predict and provide” transport planning with a “decide and provide” approach.
• Use Covid-19 recovery to improve the physical and virtual accessibility of services and opportunities.
• Accelerate the reallocation of city space from cars to people.
• Decentralise and diversify transport services to cater for varying travel purposes and users.
• Empower local authorities with adequate funds and decision-making power to address post-pandemic transport challenges.

• Develop long-term strategic infrastructure plans that explicitly identify transport policy objectives.

• Broaden project appraisal to ensure its processes and practices take account of all transport policy objectives, as embedded in strategic infrastructure plans.

• Incorporate accessibility indicators, or other relevant tools, to assess equity impacts in transport project appraisals.

• Provide detailed guidance on accounting for climate change impacts in transport project appraisals, incorporating clear linkages between shadow carbon prices and emissions reductions commitments.

• Present the results of transport project appraisals in a transparent and concise format that highlights needs-case assessments.

• Ensure decision-making processes for large investments in transport systems account for uncertainties and the need for broad stakeholder support.

• Integrate technical assessment, process management and public engagement into decision processes for major transport infrastructure investments.

• Undertake systematic ex-post evaluation for all transport infrastructure projects entailing expenditure above an identified level.

• Consider the merits of the permanent observatory model as a means of maximising the quality of evaluations.

• Target road freight to achieve significant reductions in transport CO2 emissions.
• Accelerate aviation's technology and fuel transition to reduce emissions.
• Reduce urban transport's carbon footprint by leveraging public transport and active modes post the pandemic.
• Link decarbonisation and regional connectivity to develop resilient transport sectors.
• Establish coherent freight reforms for sustainable outcomes.

• Embed individual privacy rights at the heart of data-reporting policies.
• Adopt coherent data-governance frameworks.
• Establish, document and communicate the basis for public authority data-reporting mandates.
• Align data-reporting mandates to targeted outcomes.
• Create and adhere to clear personal data processing, retention and destruction policies.
• Explore ways to ensure that data reporting preserves privacy and protects commercial interests by default.

• Regulate mobility operators and MaaS providers separately.
• Adopt an explicitly pro-competitive approach to MaaS in policy and legislation.
• Clearly establish the status of MaaS providers via a licensing scheme.
• Review conditions for mobility operator licences to ensure they do not include barriers to developing MaaS.
• Add mandatory minimum data-sharing requirements relating to informational and operational data to licences for mobility operators.
• Build mandatory consumer data portability, subject to user consent, into the conditions of all mobility operator and MaaS provider licences.
• Adopt competition safeguards as part of the MaaS provider licensing framework.
• Ensure public transport operators have the freedom to negotiate the terms of public transport ticket resale with MaaS providers who, in turn, should be free to determine the pricing of services to consumers.
• Apply OECD and EU best practice principles on regulatory policy and governance to inform approaches to regulating MaaS.
• Make data reporting requirements to public authorities specific and directly related to regulatory tasks.
• The Good Move policy package should remain the key vehicle for implementing sustainable urban mobility policies.

• Anchor the governance of Mobility as a Service in a strategic vision, applied to the whole functional urban area and informed by effective digital monitoring
• Seek greater understanding of how Mobility as a Service can add value for the user
• Guide Mobility as a Service where necessary to achieve agreed societal outcomes
• Adopt a flexible and light-handed regulatory approach towards Mobility as a Service platforms
• Adopt a predictable regulatory approach and allow for evolution
• Enhance public transport authorities’ and operators’ ability to negotiate terms of sale and re-use of tickets with Mobility as a Service providers
• Base data-sharing frameworks on the principle of “as open as possible, as closed as necessary”
• Build data portability into the MaaS ecosystem by default
• Consider common building blocks for sharing data
• Establish data-reporting requirements that are proportionate and targeted to outcomes
• Adopt complementary policies in other areas to ensure that the Mobility as a Service ecosystem contributes to desired policy outcomes
• Invest in the built environment and interchange facilities
• Skill sets will need to evolve to improve the public authority’s capacity to regulate and assess digital markets

• Make regulations more flexible to accommodate the use of Blockchain and other Distributed Ledger Technologies.
• Use regulatory sandboxes to promote innovation while minimising risks.
• Actively engage with transport industry initiatives around Distributed Ledger Technologies
• Require some level of open data access for transport applications of Distributed Ledger Technology 
• Make transport policies machine-readable
• Run pilot projects to identify use cases for Distributed Ledger Technologies in the public sector

• Develop objectives for the accessibility of remote communities.
• Establish workable definitions of remoteness and isolation to compare accessibility across regions.
• Adapt appraisal tools to account for all costs and benefits of providing good connectivity for remote regions.
• Monitor the effectiveness of support schemes for better connecting remote communities.
• Develop integrated accessibility plans to link transport and basic services.
• Support innovations that could reduce costs or improve service quality.

• Make transport policy algorithm-ready and transport policy makers algorithmically-literate.
• Ensure that oversight and control of algorithms is proportional to impacts and risks.
• Build in algorithmic auditability by default into potentially impactful algorithms.
• Convert analogue regulations into machine-readable code for use by algorithmic systems.
• Use algorithmic systems to regulate more dynamically and efficiently.
• Compare the performance of algorithmic systems with that of human decision-making.
• Algorithmic assessment should go beyond transparency and explainability.
• Establish robust regulatory frameworks that ensure accountability for decisions taken by algorithms.
• Establish clear guidelines and regulatory action to assess the impact of algorithmic decision-making.
• Adapt how regulation is made to reflect the speed and uncertainty around algorithmic system deployment.

• Improve the collection and dissemination of disaggregated data on the level and characteristics of private investments in transport infrastructure.

• Distinguish between infrastructure and the operations that take place on it.
• To pursue private investment in infrastructure, choose between competition for the contract or the regulated model.
• Differentiate between attracting private investors in existing assets (privatisation) and in new infrastructure PPPs.

Editor:

Policy Insights

• Address coordination between jurisdictions at all territorial levels. 
• Make establishment of the Metropolitan Transport Authority an integral part of decentralisation. 
• Leverage support of the national government to establish the Metropolitan Transport Authority. 
• Engage with public opinion to create broad support for the creation of a Metropolitan Transport Authority. 
• Choose the right scope when defining responsibilities of the new Metropolitan Transport Authority. 
• Focus on delivery of the government’s priority objectives for transport provision. 
• Provide the Metropolitan Transport Authority with the necessary technical and financial capacity using fiscal instruments that bring mobility benefits as well as raising funds.

• Develop coherent electric mobility strategies for urban areas.
• Tailor urban decarbonising pathways to the development priorities of different country groups.
• Engage in holistic and prospective urban development planning that prioritises connectivity between different modes of travel.
• Forge new collaborations between relevant actors to address the sustainability challenges of urban passenger transport.
• Continue to employ and refine demand management measures to incentivise the use of sustainable transport modes.
• Consider behavioural factors in both supply- and demand-side decarbonisation measures for urban transport.