Aiming for a ‘no spoilage-no spill’ balance

With the recent introduction of ‘surge’ pricing on the Rajdhani, Shatabdi and Duronto, Indian Railways hopes to increase its revenues. Influencing consumer behaviour through variable pricing is a strategy used by railways around the world. Lorenzo Casullo, an economist at the International Transport Forum, writes about how railway operators in Europe and North America have approached ticket pricing.