Transport and Covid-19: responses and resources

Summit and Events

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Fuelling Maritime Shipping with Liquefied Natural Gas

Case-Specific Policy Analysis, Policy Insights,

22 April 2018

  • Involve stakeholders in the development of policies governing LNG bunkering.
  • Plan LNG infrastructure in a flexible manner.
  • Stimulate international cooperation in LNG bunkering services.
  • Mitigate negative environmental side-effects of LNG-fuelled shipping.

Reducing Shipping Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Case-Specific Policy Analysis, Policy Insights,

17 April 2018

  • Acknowledge the important role of ports in mitigating shipping emissions.
  • Expand port-based incentives for low-emission ships.
  • Link port-based incentives to actual emissions.
  • Move to a more harmonised application of green port fees.

Decarbonising Maritime Transport

Case-Specific Policy Analysis, Policy Insights,

26 March 2018

  • Set a clear, ambitious emissions-reduction target to drive decarbonisation of maritime transport.
  • Support the realisation of emissions-reduction targets with a comprehensive set of policy measures.
  • Provide smart financial incentives to advance the decarbonisation of maritime shipping.

 

Decarbonising Maritime Transport: The Case of Sweden

Case-Specific Policy Analysis, Policy Insights,

9 March 2018

  • Make available more financial tools and incentives to support the decarbonisation of shipping.
  • Increase public policy support for decarbonisation of the maritime industry.
  • Upscale best practices in maritime decarbonisation internationally.

Understanding Urban Travel Behaviour by Gender for Efficient and Equitable Transport Policies

Discussion Paper, Policy Insights,

1 February 2018

  • Public transport scheduling needs to consider a wider range of needs and preferences. 
  • Taxi and informal transit services require safer regulations and technologies. 
  • Gender analysis leads to effective and efficient transport demand management. 
  • Safety improvements are key to ensure optimal public transport use.

The Impact of Mega-Ships: The Case of Jakarta

Case-Specific Policy Analysis, Policy Insights,

8 December 2017

  • Resolve bottlenecks elsewhere in the supply chain to increase efficiency. 
  • Open up domestic coastal freight transport to international shipping lines.
  • Smart phasing in of next phases of the New Priok port project.
  • Stimulate port investment in other parts of Indonesia.

Shared Mobility Simulations for Auckland

Case-Specific Policy Analysis, Policy Insights,

27 November 2017

  • Consider integrating shared mobility services into Auckland’s existing transport offer.
  • Use shared services as feeder service for train, ferry and bus rapid transit services to increase use of public transport.
  • Ensure shared mobility services are provided in a large enough area of Auckland.
  • Target shared mobility services for potential early adopters.
  • Integrate land use and transport policies to limit urban sprawl and support the uptake of shared mobility services.
  • Create a legal and regulatory framework focused on delivering societal benefits from uptake of shared mobility services.
  • Make sharing of performance data a pre-requisite for licensing shared mobility services.

Lightening Up: How Less Heavy Vehicles Can Help Cut CO2 Emissions

Case-Specific Policy Analysis, Policy Insights,

3 November 2017

  • Consider the potential of vehicle mass reduction when designing climate policies.
  • Do not rely on vehicle mass reductions alone to achieve the European Union’s target of a 60% transport CO2 reduction.
  • Nudge consumers into buying lighter vehicles by emphasising their benefit.

Shared Mobility Simulations for Helsinki

Case-Specific Policy Analysis, Policy Insights,

11 October 2017

  • Enable implementation of new shared mobility solutions in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area as an additional policy tool.
  • Implement new shared mobility solutions at a sufficient scale to boost attractiveness and lower costs.
  • Design shared mobility solutions so they feed rail/metro lines and replace low‑frequency, low‑occupancy bus services.
  • Target shared mobility solutions for sub-urban car users currently not well served by public transport.
  • Consider improvements in system capacity and access to rail and metro stations.

Cruise Shipping and Urban Development: The Case of Piraeus

Case-Specific Policy Analysis, Policy Insights,

28 June 2017

  • Develop a strategy to attract tourists to the city of Piraeus.
  • Facilitate stakeholder co-operation to boost competitiveness of Piraeus as a cruise destination.
  • Work to reduce the environmental impacts of cruise shipping on Piraeus.

The Economic Benefits of Improved Accessibility to Transport Systems

Roundtable Report, Policy Insights,

30 May 2017

  • Ex-post case studies of accessibility improvements can provide evidence on impacts.
  • A large, ex-ante assessment of proposed measures to improve accessibility can shed light on the practical application of different methodologies.
  • Accessibility research should be explicitly integrated with health and wellbeing research.

Managing the Transition to Driverless Road Freight Transport

Case-Specific Policy Analysis, Policy Insights,

30 May 2017

  • Continue driverless truck pilot projects to test vehicles, network technology and communications protocols.
  • Set international standards, road rules and vehicle regulations for self-driving trucks.
  • Establish a temporary transition advisory board for the trucking industry.
  • Consider a temporary permit system to manage the speed of adoption and to support a just transition for displaced drivers, while ensuring fair access to markets.

Shaping the Relationship Between Public Transport and Innovative Mobility

Corporate Partnership Board Report, Policy Insights,

30 May 2017

  • Focus on improving overall mobility outcomes, not just on lowering public transport costs.
  • Set a vision for urban transport that includes full integration of innovative mobility options.
  • Ensure partnerships between public transport and innovative mobility operators to improve mobility for all people, including those with disabilities.
  • Target low-performing or costly routes, and leverage government assets to guide convergence.
  • Split regulatory oversight from operation of urban transport and adapt procurement practices.
  • Mitigate innovation risk for new services through pilots and portfolio management.
  • Incentivise age- and disability-friendly interactions in partnerships between public transport and ride-service operators.

Transition to Shared Mobility

Corporate Partnership Board Report, Policy Insights,

30 May 2017

  • Start to integrate shared mobility solutions into existing urban transport plans.
  • Leverage shared mobility to increase use of existing high-capacity public transport.
  • Deploy shared mobility services in a phased way that maximises public acceptance.
  • Optimise overall efficiency while assuring a healthy level of competition in the market.
  • Limit exclusive occupancy of shared vehicles to avoid the erosion of traffic reduction and CO2 emissions.
  • Leverage the significant potential of improved territorial accessibility created by shared mobility.
  • Make shared mobility services fully accessible to citizens with reduced mobility benefits.

Linking People and Places

Corporate Partnership Board Report, Policy Insights,

30 May 2017

  • Design accessibility metrics to matter for people and policies.
  • Leverage new data sources and methods for accessibility analysis.
  • Invest in accessibility, not just roads, in fast growing cities.
  • Make use of accessibility analyses to support decision-making.

Local Governments and Ports

Case-Specific Policy Analysis, Policy Insights,

23 May 2017

  • Develop tailor-made governance arrangements for ports.
  • Allow decentralised port governance to create additional benefits for local communities.
  • Coordinate public port investment, nationally and where possible at a supra-national level.
  • Ensure that ports not only focus on profits, but also take local impacts into account.

Strategies for Mitigating Air Pollution in Mexico City

Case-Specific Policy Analysis, Policy Insights,

15 May 2017

  • Consolidate the use of on-board diagnostic system checks in the mandatory vehicle inspection and maintenance programme.
  • Adopt state-of-the-art emissions standards for heavy duty diesel vehicles without delay.
  • Verify vehicle emissions in real world driving conditions.
  • Continuously update the system of restrictions on vehicle use in the Metropolitan Zone of the Valle de Mexico and improve enforcement.
  • Phase in a city-wide low emissions zone and consider road pricing.
  • Differentiate the tax on vehicle ownership to provide incentives for cleaner cars.
  • Introduce incentives for ultra-low sulphur diesel and gasoline at national level.
  • Reduce speeds on motorways and ring roads.
  • Manage parking more effectively.
  • Improve sustainable transport alternatives to cars and taxis.
  • Consolidate initiatives to integrate land-use and transport planning.
  • Improve retrofit programmes with inspection, maintenance and quality certification.
  • Introduce emissions regulations for off-road vehicles and mobile machinery.
  • Invest more in communicating with the public on the development of new anti-pollution measures.

ITF Transport Outlook 2017

Transport Outlook, Policy Insights,

29 January 2017

  • The 2016 Paris climate agreement must be translated into concrete actions for the transport sector.
  • Policy will need to embrace and respond to disruptive innovation in transport.
  • Reducing CO2 from urban mobility needs more than better vehicle and fuel technology.
  • Targeted land-use policies can reduce the transport infrastructure needed to provide more equitable access in cities.
  • Governments need to develop planning tools to adapt to uncertainties created by changing patterns of consumption, production and distribution.

Cruise Shipping and Urban Development: The Case of Dublin

Case-Specific Policy Analysis, Policy Insights,

22 January 2017

  • Implement the Alexandra Basin Redevelopment Project.
  • Develop a joint cruise strategy for the whole city.
  • Better exploit Dublin’s asset as potential home port.
  • Resolve constraints related to cruise passenger flows.
  • Develop a green cruise port policy.

Cruise Shipping and Urban Development: The Case of Venice

Case-Specific Policy Analysis, Policy Insights,

21 December 2016

  • Create certainty about the future of cruise shipping in Venice.
  • Develop a tourism strategy for the city including guidance on which tourists to prioritise.
  • Develop instruments to contain the number of tourists in the city of Venice.
  • Develop an action plan for extracting more value from home port passengers.
  • Give a more structural character to environmental policies that have a discontinuous nature.

Adapting Transport to Climate Change and Extreme Weather

Research Report, Policy Insights,

14 December 2016

  • Act now to preserve the value of transport infrastructure and maintain network performance.
  • Protect transport infrastructure against climate impacts through good maintenance.
  • Prepare for more frequent and unexpected failure of transport infrastructure.
  • Account for temporary unavailability of transport assets in in service continuity plans.
  • Assess vulnerability of transport assets and networks from climate change and extreme weather.
  • Focus on transport system resilience, not just on designing robust infrastructure.
  • Re-evaluate thinking on redundant transport infrastructure.
  • Do not rely solely on cost-benefit analysis for appraising the value of transport infrastructure.
  • Develop new decision-support tools that incorporate deep uncertainty into asset appraisal.

Regulation of For-Hire Passenger Transport: Portugal in International Comparison

Case-Specific Policy Analysis, Policy Insights,

9 June 2016

  • Steer policy development towards mobility services that allow efficient achievement of public policy objectives regarding the needs of consumers and society.
  • Encourage innovative and more flexible regulation of for-hire transport services.
  • Embrace data-led regulation to improve societal outcomes.
  • Keep the regulatory framework of for-hire passenger transport services as simple and uniform as possible.

App-Based Ride and Taxi Services: Principles for Regulation

Corporate Partnership Board Report, Policy Insights,

9 May 2016

  • Focus policy regarding for-hire passenger transport on the needs of consumers and society. 
  • Keep the regulation framework of for-hire passenger transport services as simple and uniform as possible.
  • Encourage innovative and more flexible regulation of for-hire transport services. 
  • Embrace data-led regulation to improve societal outcomes.

Shared Mobility: Innovation for Liveable Cities

Corporate Partnership Board Report, Policy Insights,

9 May 2016

  • Shared mobility benefits depend on creating the right market conditions and operational frameworks. 
  • Shared mobility has significant environmental benefits, even with current engine technology.
  • Shared mobility will radically change public transport and most traditional bus services will disappear.
  • Public authorities must guide the deployment of shared mobility systems and anticipate their impacts.

Reducing Sulphur Emissions from Ships: The Impact of International Regulation

Corporate Partnership Board Report, Policy Insights,

9 May 2016

  • Harmonise requirements on maritime sulphur emissions with regard to compliance options.
  • Apply sanctions for non-compliance with sulphur emissions regulations for ships that are sufficiently dissuasive.
  • Inverse the burden of proof for compliance by prohibiting ships to carry heavy fuel oil except as cargo.

Adapting Transport Policy to Climate Change

Research Report, Policy Insights,

30 November 2015

  • Uncertainty is different from risk.
  • Climate effects are subject to uncertainty.
  • There are techniques to deal with risk.
  • There is currently no robust method to treat Knightian uncertainty.
  • Risk, uncertainty and discount rate all affect carbon value.

International Experiences on Public Transport Provision in Rural Areas

Case-Specific Policy Analysis, Policy Insights,

29 June 2015

  • We are currently seeing a major change in the perception of ‘public transport’.
  • Demand-responsive transport is seen as one of the key options to meet public transport challenges in rural areas.
  • Significant scope still exists for ‘conventional’ public transport.
  • Better coordination between different types of services is required.
  • Relaxing quantitative taxi regulation can enable new innovative solutions. 

Urban Mobility System Upgrade

Corporate Partnership Board Report, Policy Insights,

31 March 2015

  • Self-driving vehicles could change public transport as we currently know it.
  • The potential impact of self-driving shared fleets on urban mobility is significant. It will be shaped by policy choices and deployment options.
  • Active management is needed to lock in the benefits of freed space.
  • Improvements in road safety are almost certain. Environmental benefits will depend on vehicle technology.
  • New vehicle types and business models will be required.
  • Public transport, taxi operations and urban transport governance will have to adapt.
  • Mixing fleets of shared self-driving vehicles and privately-owned cars will not deliver the same benefits as a full TaxiBot/AutoVot fleet - but it still remains attractive.

Cycling, Health and Safety

Research Report, Policy Insights,

19 December 2013

  • Insufficient evidence supports causality for the “safety in numbers” phenomenon – policies increasing the number of cyclists should be accompanied by risk-reduction actions.
  • Efforts must be made to harmonise definitions of bicycle accident terminology so as to be able to make reliable international comparisons on cyclist safety.
  • National authorities should set standards for, collect or otherwise facilitate the collection of data on non-fatal cycling crashes based on police reports and, in either a systematic or periodic way, on hospital records.
  • Authorities seeking to improve cyclists’ safety should adopt the Safe System approach - policy should focus on improving the inherent safety of the traffic system, not simply on securing marginal improvements for cyclists in an inherently unsafe system.
  • Authorities should establish top-level plans for cycling and cycling safety and should ensure high-level coordination among relevant government agencies to ensure that cycling grows without aggravating safety performance.
  • Speed management acts as “hidden infrastructure” protecting cyclists and should be included as an integral part of cycle safety strategies.
  • Cyclists should not be the only target of cycling safety policies – motorists are at least as important to target.
  • Where appropriate, traffic speeds should be limited to less than 30km/hr where bicycles and motorised traffic mix but care should be taken so that speed control devices do not create hazards for cyclists.