All Transport
International Experiences on Public Transport Provision in Rural Areas
Case-Specific Policy Analysis, Policy Insights,
29 June 2015
- We are currently seeing a major change in the perception of ‘public transport’.
- Demand-responsive transport is seen as one of the key options to meet public transport challenges in rural areas.
- Significant scope still exists for ‘conventional’ public transport.
- Better coordination between different types of services is required.
- Relaxing quantitative taxi regulation can enable new innovative solutions.
Public Transport Provision in Rural and Sparsely Populated Areas in Norway
Discussion Paper,
1 March 2015
Report on Public Transport Provision in Rural and Depopulated Areas in the United Kingdom
Discussion Paper,
1 March 2015
The Regulatory Asset Base Model and the Project Finance Model: A Comparative Analysis
Discussion Paper,
1 February 2015
Public Private Partnerships for Transport Infrastructure: Renegotiations, How to Approach Them and Economic Outcomes. Roundtable Summary and Conclusions.
Discussion Paper,
1 February 2015
Ex-post Assessment of Transport Investments and Policy Interventions
Discussion Paper,
1 January 2015
The Renegotiation of PPP Contracts: An Overview of its Recent Evolution in Latin America
Discussion Paper,
1 December 2014
Renegotiation of Transportation Public-Private Partnerships: The U.S. Experience
Discussion Paper,
1 December 2014
Causal Influence for Ex-post Evaluation of Transport Interventions
Discussion Paper,
30 September 2014
The National Audit Office’s Value-for-Money Assessment of Transport Investments
Discussion Paper,
31 July 2014
Planning and Designing Transport Systems to Ensure Safe Travel for Women
Discussion Paper,
1 March 2014
Better Regulation of Public-Private Partnerships for Transport Infrastructure
Roundtable Report, Policy Insights,
24 September 2013
- A mix of financing models spreads risks.
- A dedicated budget for PPPs, set in relation to the rate at which future liabilities will be accumulated, can provide such a limit.
- Explicit consideration of alternative financing arrangements should be employed in determining whether to proceed with PPP projects.
- It is recommended that governments require PPP projects to pass tests of affordability and to clear the hurdle rates of return generally applied to publicly financed transport projects.
- The expected cost of PPP projects should take account of cost inflation resulting from the propensity for projects to be renegotiated.
- At the individual project level, risks should be assigned to the party best able to manage them, along with rights to make related decisions.
- Assigning demand risk is not straightforward and risk sharing arrangements are therefore common.
- Continuity of resources and expertise is essential for addressing strategic behaviour and optimism bias more generally.
- Regulatory agencies are well placed to ensure transparency and accountability by publishing reports on the criteria employed to make decisions and publishing contracts.
The Fantasy World of Private Finance for Transport via Public Private Partnerships
Discussion Paper,
31 August 2012
Seamless Transport Policy: Institutional and Regulatory Aspects of Inter-Modal Coordination
Discussion Paper,
30 April 2012
State Roles in Providing Affordable Mass Transport Services for Low-Income Residents
Discussion Paper,
30 April 2011
What Does Improved Fuel Economy Cost Consumers and What Does it Cost Taxpayers?
Discussion Paper,
30 April 2011
Effective Regulatory Institutions: The Regulator's Role in the Policy Process, Including Issues of Regulatory Independence
Discussion Paper,
2 December 2010
The Practice of Cost Benefit Analysis in the Transport Sector: A Mexican Perspective
Discussion Paper,
20 October 2010