Maritime

• Integrate health outcomes into urban policy planning to create healthier and sustainable cities.
• Invest in active and public transport infrastructure to reduce emissions and improve health.
• Strengthen cross-sector collaboration for healthier cities.
• Adopt equitable urban planning approaches for more inclusive urban policy.
• Build capacity in public authorities for evidence-based decision-making.

• Support fare decision-making with regular evaluation.
• Jointly optimise fare pricing and road user charging.
• Reduce the cost barrier for those most in need and simplify access to concession fares.
• Boost flexibility for existing services.
• Promote multimodality to increase public transport use.
• Consider data needs, transparency and inclusion principles when choosing ticketing technologies.

• Establish an interregional MaaS foundation document to guide collaboration.
• Structure collaboration through the MaaS network coordinator (MNC) and MaaS Governance Authority (MGA).
• Develop a trust model for the MaaS ecosystem.
• Identify, adapt or develop building blocks to support the implementation of the trust model.
• Develop a repository of standard and agreed data sharing clauses that set out clear requirements.
• Work on enhanced compatibility rather than full interoperability.
• Explore the application of the EU’s Only Once principle to MaaS.
• Address existing power imbalances to encourage participation within the ecosystem.

On subsidy schemes:

• Target the marginal consumer to ensure the maximum impact of subsidy budgets

• Target subsidies for used vehicles and lower-income groups to unlock mass-market EV adoption

• Consider revising the administrative operation of subsidy schemes towards indirect disbursement models

• Plan for the introduction of subsidies for electric medium and heavy-duty vehicles

On charging infrastructure in local and regional authorities:

• Prioritise concession tender models for charging infrastructure deployment

• Disaggregate concession areas and bundle profitable locations with less economically viable locations to ensure widespread coverage

• Provide support for local and regional authorities to work on charging infrastructure. This includes both financial resources for staff and guidance to help support decision-making

• Develop regional charging plans

On meeting the Alternative Fuels and Infrastructure Regulation:

• Proactively prepare the electricity grid for EV charging demand

• Align network reinforcement strategies with AFIR requirements and real-world demand projections

• Define priority charging locations and tailor charging infrastructure deployment policies

• Accelerate permitting and approval processes for charging infrastructure deployment

• Develop strategic platforms to improve coordination between electromobility stakeholders

• Micromobility is becoming greener. Aside from walking, cycling remains the most environmentally friendly way of moving around cities. Electrification has further expanded the distances cyclists can travel. Shared micromobility has made significant progress in terms of sustainability as operators have addressed the impacts of their fleets and operations on the environment. Leasing models are particularly attractive from a lifecycle environmental impact perspective.
• Shared fleet vehicle design has reduced lifecycle impacts. The rapid uptake of improved vehicle designs in shared fleets has steeply reduced per-rider-kilometre greenhouse gas emissions. Longer vehicle lifetimes, enabled by more robust design, greater modularity and ease of repair, have driven reductions in impact across the lifecycle.
• Fleet servicing operations have significantly improved. Swappable, higher-capacity batteries have reduced the impact of fleet recharging, enabled the use of less impactful cargo bikes and fostered more efficient fleet servicing models. Improved fleet logistics, including maintenance, repair and re-positioning have contributed to greener operations. Electrification of fleet servicing vans also matters, but to a lesser extent.

• Élaborer des stratégies globales au service de la mobilité et des infrastructures de demain
• Accélérer la transition vers des flottes de véhicules propres
• Mettre en œuvre des politiques de report modal et de gestion de la demande là où elles sont le plus efficaces
• Au stade de l’évaluation, considérer les avantages additionnels qu’une politique peut apporter aux zones urbaines
• Réformer la fiscalité automobile de façon à capter les coûts externes des nouveaux parcs de véhicules

• Micromobility is becoming safer. But, an increase in severe injuries from e-scooter crashes is cause for concern. Overall, shared e-scooter crash risk is decreasing as their usage is increasing faster than injuries.

• Safe infrastructure and vehicle design matter. A focus on rider behaviour and safety equipment must be complemented by better infrastructure and improved vehicle design – especially for e-scooters.

• Reinforcing existing policies improves safety. Road safety measures also make micromobility safer – managing speed, providing training to road users and enforcing rules against impaired driving and riding.

• Overcome car-centric thinking. Decades of car-centric development have made its assumptions the unquestioned norm. As a result of this “moto-normativity”, risks and harms from motor vehicles may be accepted when they are unacceptable in other contexts. Many cities have begun to question this approach.
• Think beyond infrastructure. Focusing on infrastructure is not enough to ensure pedestrians and cyclists will feel safe and secure and enjoy walking and cycling. Policies must also target street violence, social disadvantage and other factors.
• Redesign planning processes. Processes for transport investments have traditionally prioritised car-centric options. A vision-led approach can provide the basis for redesigning these processes, and help ensure active travel contributes to more inclusive, sustainable cities. Work in progress across a number of cities worldwide suggests such a shift is possible.

• Set safety targets. Ambitious road safety targets and concrete measures help to reduce the number of road fatalities and injuries quickly. Including meaningful performance indicators in road safety strategies is crucial to success.
• Prioritise vulnerable people. Pedestrians, cyclists and the elderly are most vulnerable in road traffic. Prioritise their safety by using road safety performance indicators to pave the way for more inclusive, protective road environments and reduce the risk of road traffic causing tragedies.
• Create a feedback loop. The insights gained from safety performance indicators must feed directly into improving road safety strategies. Creating a continuous feedback loop will make the strategies responsive to changes, measures more impactful and road traffic safer.

• Shift the focus of policies that promote electric vehicles to end the dependency on large, under-used vehicles.
• Help make smaller electric vehicles an attractive choice for citizens.
• Ensure the transition to smaller electric vehicles goes in hand with adequate safety provisions.
• Fast-track the electrification of shared mobility services in complement with public transport.
• Ensure the availability of enough charging points to make electric mobility attractive.

• Develop comprehensive strategies for future mobility and infrastructure
• Accelerate the transition to clean vehicle fleets
• Implement mode shift and demand-management policies where they are most effective
• Consider the additional benefits for urban areas when evaluating policies
• Reform vehicle taxation to capture external costs of new vehicle fleets

• Investment and market reforms fueled Ukraine's aviation sector before the war.
• The war has shut down civil aviation in Ukraine and destroyed its airports.
• War-related airspace closures force international flights onto longer routes, resulting in longer travel times, higher fuel costs and added carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.
• The energy crisis unleashed by the war drives up ticket prices, potentially reducing demand and threatening aviation's recovery from the pandemic.
• The war's short-term impacts on air travel could trigger long-lasting changes in international aviation.
• Restoring Ukraine's air connectivity after the war hinges on rebuilding destroyed aviation infrastructure.
• Ending aviation's dependency on fossil fuels can make the sector more resilient to future crises.

• Ensure consistent collection of reliable urban road safety data.
• Create urban traffic observatories that collect both general mobility data and road safety data.
• Set ambitious reduction targets for the number of traffic crash casualties in cities.
• Focus on protecting vulnerable road users on urban streets.
• Measure crash risks for vulnerable road users with appropriate indicators.
• Adopt an integrated urban mobility plan based on Safe System principles.

• Ukraine is the world’s third-largest grain exporter but the war has rendered most Ukrainian ports unusable. Grain exports have plummeted.
• Many countries in Africa and Asia depend on Ukrainian grain. The drop in exports has driven up food prices and raised fears of shortages and hunger.
• Ukraine can shift some grain exports to European ports with spare capacity. However, rail transport is complicated because of different rail gauges.
• Exporting Ukrainian grain via foreign ports adds transport costs of USD 150 or more per tonne. This is triple the average intercontinental shipping cost.
• An international agreement creating safe maritime corridors in the Black Sea would best safeguard grain exports from Ukraine.