Walking and Cycling
The Innovative Mobility Landscape: The Case of Mobility as a Service
5 July 2021
- Anchor the governance of Mobility as a Service in a strategic vision, applied to the whole functional urban area and informed by effective digital monitoring
- Seek greater understanding of how Mobility as a Service can add value for the user
- Guide Mobility as a Service where necessary to achieve agreed societal outcomes
- Adopt a flexible and light-handed regulatory approach towards Mobility as a Service platforms
- Adopt a predictable regulatory approach and allow for evolution
- Enhance public transport authorities’ and operators’ ability to negotiate terms of sale and re-use of tickets with Mobility as a Service providers
- Base data-sharing frameworks on the principle of “as open as possible, as closed as necessary”
- Build data portability into the MaaS ecosystem by default
- Consider common building blocks for sharing data
- Establish data-reporting requirements that are proportionate and targeted to outcomes
- Adopt complementary policies in other areas to ensure that the Mobility as a Service ecosystem contributes to desired policy outcomes
- Invest in the built environment and interchange facilities
- Skill sets will need to evolve to improve the public authority’s capacity to regulate and assess digital markets
Zero Carbon Supply Chains
27 June 2021
- A more proactive strategy from the port authority.
- Stronger involvement of the city administration in zero carbon freight.
- Facilitation of zero carbon freight transport by the federal government.
ITF Transport Outlook 2021
16 May 2021
- Align Covid-19 recovery packages to revive the economy, combat climate change and strengthen equity.
- Implement much more ambitious policies that will reverse the growth of transport CO2 emissions.
- Target different transport sectors with strategies that reflect their specific decarbonisation potential and challenges.
- Support innovation to accelerate the technological breakthroughs needed to decarbonise transport.
- Shift the priority to improving accessibility.
- Intensify collaboration with non-transport sectors and between public and private actors.
Decongesting our Cities
10 May 2021
- Present congestion charging in a positive light, as value pricing or decongestion charging, rather than as an additional tax.
- Consider congestion charging as part of sustainable urban mobility plans.
- Make more use of HOT lanes and peak pricing on tolled expressways.
- Ensure adequate user choice to accommodate responses to congestion charging.
- Ensure that congestion charging revenues are used effectively and in ways that have public support.
- Hypothecate revenues from congestion charges flexibly.
- Use differentiated congestion charges to maximise the benefits and minimise the costs.
Forging Links: Unblocking Transport with Blockchain?
25 February 2021
- Make regulations more flexible to accommodate the use of Blockchain and other Distributed Ledger Technologies.
- Use regulatory sandboxes to promote innovation while minimising risks.
- Actively engage with transport industry initiatives around Distributed Ledger Technologies
- Require some level of open data access for transport applications of Distributed Ledger Technology
- Make transport policies machine-readable
- Run pilot projects to identify use cases for Distributed Ledger Technologies in the public sector
Reversing Car Dependency
24 February 2021
- Review the street space and urban land share allocated to cars.
- Use road space allocation to proactively manage traffic.
- Abolish minimum parking space requirements for new developments.
- Consider road pricing to drive more efficient use of scarce road space and urban land.
- Use parking rates to discourage excessive driving.
- End employer-paid parking subsidies.
- Ensure that quality alternatives to private cars are convenient and efficient.
- Work towards integrated planning of transport and land-use.
- Review land-use regulations that hinder compact development patterns.
Ready for Take-off? Integrating Drones into the Transport System
23 February 2021
- Establish clear objectives and priorities for the introduction of drone transport by identifying the best first use cases.
- Design a communication strategy that directly addresses public concerns.
- Clarify and develop drones’ status within the broader framework of aerospace regulation.
- Co‑ordinate with the drone industry to inform investment, development, and equitable policy making.
- Foster the emergence of civil aviation authorities with interdisciplinary competencies and capabilities in order to integrate drones into the transport system.
- Support the design and implementation of a robust Unmanned Air Traffic Management system.
- Develop methods for assessing the impact of drones’ full life cycle on the environment.
- Incorporate drone operations into long-term urban planning strategy using data and predictive models.
Developing Strategic Approaches to Infrastructure Planning
22 February 2021
- Governments should adopt a strategic approach to infrastructure planning. This should be communicated clearly via an explicit, detailed and periodically updated strategic infrastructure plan.
- Strategic infrastructure plans should be linked to explicit infrastructure funding envelopes, with project pipelines identified, at least in broad terms.
- Governments should consider the merits of establishing independent infrastructure advisory bodies to provide transparent, expert advice on long-term, cross-sectoral infrastructure strategy, planning and policy development, as well as priorities for medium-to-longer-term infrastructure investment.
- Arrangements for the establishment of independent bodies should address key governance principles, such as those identified in the OECD’s Principles for the Governance of Regulators.
- Infrastructure project appraisal should, as far as possible, be based on a consistent and transparent methodology.
- The OECD/ITF should publish a review of government and private sector infrastructure-related responses to the Covid‑19 pandemic.
- A formal policy framework should guide decisions on the stewardship of major infrastructure assets.
- Governments should review their infrastructure regulatory frameworks.
- Ex post performance assessment should be undertaken for all major projects.
- National infrastructure institutions and statistical agencies should co‑ordinate internationally to develop consistent infrastructure performance measures.
- Where cross-border infrastructure projects are adopted, they should be managed by a specific-purpose body with all parties represented. Policy objectives and performance standards should be clearly specified and governance, funding and accountability mechanisms established.
Connecting Remote Communities
11 January 2021
- Develop objectives for the accessibility of remote communities.
- Establish workable definitions of remoteness and isolation to compare accessibility across regions.
- Adapt appraisal tools to account for all costs and benefits of providing good connectivity for remote regions.
- Monitor the effectiveness of support schemes for better connecting remote communities.
- Develop integrated accessibility plans to link transport and basic services.
- Support innovations that could reduce costs or improve service quality.
How Urban Delivery Vehicles can Boost Electric Mobility
9 December 2020
- Prioritise electrification of vehicles with high mileage and regular daily activity, including LCVs in last-mile delivery.
- Promote electric light commercial vehicles in cities and tightly regulate combustion-engine vehicles.
- Strengthen fuel economy standards, zero-emission mandates and economic incentives for light commercial vehicles.
- Define regulatory requirements and clarify costs for upgrades to the electricity grid needed for electric vehicles.
- Use vehicle design and components of electric passenger cars to unlock price reductions of electric light commercial vehicles.
- Strengthen co-operation among stakeholders to reduce investments risks for the manufacturing of electric light commercial vehicles.
Navigating Towards Cleaner Maritime Shipping
15 November 2020
- Increase the energy efficiency of new and existing ships.
- Leverage public sector procurement to stimulate the electrification of short-distance shipping.
- Introduce regulations on lifecycle emissions of maritime fuels.
- Put in place carbon pricing for shipping and policies that can reduce the carbon content of shipping fuels.
- Advance the discussion on market-based mechanisms at the International Maritime Organization.
- Launch pilot projects to gain experience with new fuels and accelerate the adoption of safety guidelines.
Monitoring Progress in Urban Road Safety
4 November 2020
- Set ambitious targets to reduce the number of casualties.
- Create joint mobility and safety observatories in cities.
- Put the focus on protecting vulnerable road users.
- Measure the safety of vulnerable road users in cities with appropriate indicators.
The Future of Passenger Mobility and Goods Transport in Estonia
20 September 2020
- Do the analysis before making decisions, build transport modelling capacity to support policy making, and communicate progress with easily interpreted performance indicators.
- Reform the institutional structure behind transport policy making. Concentrate strategic planning in one place, create a focus on efficiency incentives, and support independence in decision-making.
- Integrate the results of risk analysis into decision-making during project development.
- Upgrade the infrastructure procurement system comprehensively.
- Adopt a cautious and strategic approach to the use of Public-Private Partnerships for transport projects.
- Extend user charging for transport infrastructure, establishing incentives for sustainable mobility and transport system efficiency.
- Greater reliance on user charging in conjunction with the institutional reforms will help ensure maintenance and procurement efficiency and unlock new infrastructure financing possibilities.
- Develop rail freight on north-south links with emphasis on intermodal containers.
- Estonia should not pursue a strategy to become a regional transport hub.
Good to Go? Assessing the Environmental Performance of New Mobility
16 September 2020
- Leverage existing reporting obligations and introduce new requirements for micromobility providers to make evidence-based policy decisions.
- Focus interventions aiming at clean mobility on ridesourcing vehicles with high lifetime travel.
- Set incentives to increase occupancy of ridesourcing vehicles.
- Standardise methodologies for the evaluation of shared micromobility’s life-cycle emissions and introduce minimum performance requirements via market entry rule and/or operating licenses.
- Strengthen synergies between public transport and shared micromobility.
Regulations and Standards for Clean Trucks and Buses
14 September 2020
- Ensure that vehicle safety regulations and standards for electric and hydrogen cover all classes of road vehicles and better differentiate between light and heavy vehicles.
- Leverage the experience of international regulatory fora to extend the coverage of safety-related requirements to heavy electric vehicles.
- Ensure that the scope of regulations on the safety of hydrogen-powered heavy vehicles addresses aspects that are currently not adequately considered.
- Involve diverse transport and energy stakeholders in the development of charging standards for electric heavy vehicles.
- Address missing elements in regulations and standards related to electric road systems.
- Develop hydrogen refuelling protocols for heavy vehicles using gaseous storage at 70 MPa, new nozzles and instruments guaranteeing compliance with stringent fuel quality requirements.
- Increase the focus of pre-normative research on the safe use of low- and zero emission vehicles with existing vehicle infrastructure, especially for hydrogen-powered options.
- Harmonise regulations on tailpipe GHG emissions and energy consumption of heavy vehicles, also integrating instruments evaluating energy use for low- and zero-emission vehicles.
- Fully integrate electricity and hydrogen into regulatory policies on low-carbon fuels.
- Address non-regulated pollutants and integrate hydrogen-powered vehicles using internal combustion engines in regulations on tailpipe pollutant emissions.
- Address the environmental performance of vehicle batteries with regulatory innovation targeting their durability, carbon footprint and the sustainability of associated supply chains.
- Develop an internationally harmonised regulatory framework for the application of differentiated road charges and access restrictions based on environmental performances of vehicles.
Stable inland transport infrastructure investment share of GDP in OECD
14 June 2020
Future Maritime Trade Flows
8 June 2020
- Ensure strategic planning for port development accounts for the key drivers of trade.
- Support policy for decarbonisation of maritime transport with carbon pricing.
- Prevent aid to maritime shipping from eroding competition in maritime logistics services.
- Improve maritime logistics via new performance metrics.
- Guarantee open standards when digitalising maritime logistics.
- Fine-tune maritime transport modelling.
Electrifying Postal Delivery Vehicles in Korea
4 March 2020
- Continue replacement of motorcycles in the current delivery fleet with compact e-vehicles.
- Carry out focus group studies to capture qualitative data and pilot studies to reflect local context.
- Prioritise driver confidence through training and clear communication of vehicle safety features.
- Communicate overall efficiency gains with e-vehicles to drivers.
Reforming Public Transport Planning and Delivery
24 February 2020
- Let government plan transport services, but at a decentralised level.
- Consider corporatising publicly operated transport services.
- Pay close attention to system design where competition in public transport provision is introduced.
- Pay attention to service quality as well as costs to achieve a sustainable public transport system.
- Take the broader urban context into account in designing and adopting public transport reforms.
Safe Micromobility
17 February 2020
- Allocate protected space for micromobility and keep pedestrians safe.
- To make micromobility safe, focus on motor vehicles.
- Regulate low-speed e-scooters and e-bikes as bicycles, higher-speed micro-vehicles as mopeds.
- Collect data on micro-vehicle trips and crashes.
- Proactively manage the safety performance of street networks.
- Include micromobility in training for road users.
- Tackle drunk driving and speeding across all vehicle types.
- Eliminate incentives for micromobility riders to speed.
- Improve micro-vehicle design.
- Reduce wider risks associated with shared micromobility operations.
Transport Innovations from the Global South
6 November 2019
- Update transport policy and regulation to accommodate innovation that can contribute to economic growth and make transport more sustainable.
- Cooperate with research and industry, coordinate with all government levels.
- Leave room for bottom up innovation through a light regulatory touch.
- Be ready to facilitate discussion between innovative actors and traditional operators.
- Foster innovation in the delivery of concessioned transport services.
- Support change and build on existing cultural practices in order to improve quality of life for all.
- Create innovation sandboxes/living labs.
- Look beyond transport towards non-traditional policy matters.
Understanding Consumer Vehicle Choice
4 November 2019
- Target the company car market to boost the uptake of electric vehicles.
- Address non-monetary factors in vehicle purchase decisions.
- Use stated preference surveys to improve understanding of consumer choices
What is the Value of Saving Travel Time?
1 October 2019
- Update the value of reductions in travel time periodically to reflect changes in preferences and travel patterns.
- Account for the quality of travel conditions.
- Employ stated preference surveys supported by other evidence for determining the value of reductions in travel time.
- Investigate how the use of Big Data can improve understanding of travel behaviour.
- Continue to use cost-benefit analysis in transport decision making.
- Strengthen the link between modelling, appraisal, monitoring and evaluation.
Maritime Subsidies: Do They Provide Value for Money?
16 September 2019
- Re-orient and harmonise maritime subsidy policies.
- Clarify objectives of maritime subsidies.
- Make maritime subsidies more conditional on positive impacts.
- Design maritime subsidies in ways that avoid market distortions.
- Improve transparency around maritime subsidies.
Regulating App-Based Mobility Services
26 August 2019
- Maintain a permissive regulatory environment for new app-based mobility services.
- Treat incumbent mobility providers and new market entrants equally.
- Revise outdated and fragmented regulatory frameworks for mobility services.
- Focus regulation on addressing clearly-identified market failures.
- Take the broader urban policy environment into account when designing regulations.
- Consider subsidies for app-based mobility services where appropriate and invest in supporting infrastructure.
Efficiency in Railway Operations and Infrastructure Management
1 July 2019
- Build on simple indicators for an aggregate analysis of rail performance.
- Use econometric models to better capture the complexity of rail performance.
- Develop a narrative of the drivers of rail performance.
- Invest more into data and indicators related to service quality.
New Directions for Data-Driven Transport Safety
22 May 2019
- Develop standards and platforms for the collection and sharing of safety-critical vehicle data.
- Ensure privacy in the use of safety-critical data.
- Refine the applications of surrogate traffic safety metrics.
- Harness Big Data for road safety but beware of biases.
- Review training needs for road safety professionals.
- Empower transport users and workers through mechanisms to report safety concerns.
- Make safety-critical vehicle data available for telematics applications.
- Find ways to integrate smartphones into Cooperative-ITS to benefit all users.
- Improve and link police and hospital data on road crash injuries.
- Prevent, detect and signal driver distractions.
- Revise trigger mechanisms for automatic crash notification and event data recording.
- Share data to enforce limits on driving hours in the gig economy.
- Favour more accurate and relevant geo-spatial accuracy for safety applications.
- Update legal frameworks to account for ubiquitous sensing data and their use in improving safety.
Governing Transport in the Algorithmic Age
22 May 2019
- Make transport policy algorithm-ready and transport policy makers algorithmically-literate.
- Ensure that oversight and control of algorithms is proportional to impacts and risks.
- Build in algorithmic auditability by default into potentially impactful algorithms.
- Convert analogue regulations into machine-readable code for use by algorithmic systems.
- Use algorithmic systems to regulate more dynamically and efficiently.
- Compare the performance of algorithmic systems with that of human decision-making.
- Algorithmic assessment should go beyond transparency and explainability.
- Establish robust regulatory frameworks that ensure accountability for decisions taken by algorithms.
- Establish clear guidelines and regulatory action to assess the impact of algorithmic decision-making.
- Adapt how regulation is made to reflect the speed and uncertainty around algorithmic system deployment.
Benchmarking Accessibility in Cities
19 May 2019
- Use the new urban accessibility framework to compare and benchmark cities.
- Improve accessibility by reducing trip lengths and enhancing transport performance.
- Learn from similar cities with higher accessibility scores.
- Collect more and better urban mobility data, notably on walking and cycling.
Повышение торгово-транспортной связности и развитие грузоперевозок в Центральной Азии
13 May 2019
- Улучшение транспортного сообщения на местном уровне наряду с развитием международных коридоров.
- Установление цен на транзитные перевозки, покрывающих все связанные с ними расходы.
- Реформирование системы финансирования дорожно-ремонтных работ и инвестиций в дорожные сети.
- Привлечение частных инвестиций исходя из соображений экономической эффективности.
- Содействие в формировании современной логистической отрасли.
- Внедрение передового опыта в сфере транспортного планирования.
- Установление стандартов деятельности для таможенных органов.
- Упорядочение регионального и международного сотрудничества.