Infrastructure

On subsidy schemes:

• Target the marginal consumer to ensure the maximum impact of subsidy budgets

• Target subsidies for used vehicles and lower-income groups to unlock mass-market EV adoption

• Consider revising the administrative operation of subsidy schemes towards indirect disbursement models

• Plan for the introduction of subsidies for electric medium and heavy-duty vehicles

On charging infrastructure in local and regional authorities:

• Prioritise concession tender models for charging infrastructure deployment

• Disaggregate concession areas and bundle profitable locations with less economically viable locations to ensure widespread coverage

• Provide support for local and regional authorities to work on charging infrastructure. This includes both financial resources for staff and guidance to help support decision-making

• Develop regional charging plans

On meeting the Alternative Fuels and Infrastructure Regulation:

• Proactively prepare the electricity grid for EV charging demand

• Align network reinforcement strategies with AFIR requirements and real-world demand projections

• Define priority charging locations and tailor charging infrastructure deployment policies

• Accelerate permitting and approval processes for charging infrastructure deployment

• Develop strategic platforms to improve coordination between electromobility stakeholders

• Élaborer des stratégies globales au service de la mobilité et des infrastructures de demain
• Accélérer la transition vers des flottes de véhicules propres
• Mettre en œuvre des politiques de report modal et de gestion de la demande là où elles sont le plus efficaces
• Au stade de l’évaluation, considérer les avantages additionnels qu’une politique peut apporter aux zones urbaines
• Réformer la fiscalité automobile de façon à capter les coûts externes des nouveaux parcs de véhicules

• Desarrollar estrategias globales para la movilidad y las infraestructuras futuras.
• Acelerar la transición a flotas de vehículos limpios.
• Aplicar políticas de cambio de modo de transporte y gestión de la demanda allí donde sean
  más eficaces.
• Considerar los beneficios adicionales para las zonas urbanas al evaluar las políticas.
• Reformar la fiscalidad de los vehículos para reflejar los costes externos de los nuevos parques
  automovilísticos.

• Develop comprehensive strategies for future mobility and infrastructure
• Accelerate the transition to clean vehicle fleets
• Implement mode shift and demand-management policies where they are most effective
• Consider the additional benefits for urban areas when evaluating policies
• Reform vehicle taxation to capture external costs of new vehicle fleets

• Investment and market reforms fueled Ukraine's aviation sector before the war.
• The war has shut down civil aviation in Ukraine and destroyed its airports.
• War-related airspace closures force international flights onto longer routes, resulting in longer travel times, higher fuel costs and added carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.
• The energy crisis unleashed by the war drives up ticket prices, potentially reducing demand and threatening aviation's recovery from the pandemic.
• The war's short-term impacts on air travel could trigger long-lasting changes in international aviation.
• Restoring Ukraine's air connectivity after the war hinges on rebuilding destroyed aviation infrastructure.
• Ending aviation's dependency on fossil fuels can make the sector more resilient to future crises.

• Develop long-term strategic infrastructure plans that explicitly identify transport policy objectives.

• Broaden project appraisal to ensure its processes and practices take account of all transport policy objectives, as embedded in strategic infrastructure plans.

• Incorporate accessibility indicators, or other relevant tools, to assess equity impacts in transport project appraisals.

• Provide detailed guidance on accounting for climate change impacts in transport project appraisals, incorporating clear linkages between shadow carbon prices and emissions reductions commitments.

• Present the results of transport project appraisals in a transparent and concise format that highlights needs-case assessments.

• Ensure decision-making processes for large investments in transport systems account for uncertainties and the need for broad stakeholder support.

• Integrate technical assessment, process management and public engagement into decision processes for major transport infrastructure investments.

• Undertake systematic ex-post evaluation for all transport infrastructure projects entailing expenditure above an identified level.

• Consider the merits of the permanent observatory model as a means of maximising the quality of evaluations.

• Adopt meaningful indicators for how urban street space is used.
• Re-allocate street space to account for diverse uses and users.
• Prioritise people over vehicles when allocating street space.
• Explore the benefits of dynamically re-allocating certain street spaces.
• Adopt Safe System principles to guide the re-allocation of street space.

• Scale up and speed up the deployment of data-driven approaches to transport infrastructure maintenance.
• Update regulation and guidelines for transport infrastructure maintenance to facilitate the introduction of more data-driven approaches.
• Ensure data-driven infrastructure maintenance approaches follow good practices in data governance.

• Governments should adopt a strategic approach to infrastructure planning. This should be communicated clearly via an explicit, detailed and periodically updated strategic infrastructure plan.
• Strategic infrastructure plans should be linked to explicit infrastructure funding envelopes, with project pipelines identified, at least in broad terms.
• Governments should consider the merits of establishing independent infrastructure advisory bodies to provide transparent, expert advice on long-term, cross-sectoral infrastructure strategy, planning and policy development, as well as priorities for medium-to-longer-term infrastructure investment.
• Arrangements for the establishment of independent bodies should address key governance principles, such as those identified in the OECD’s Principles for the Governance of Regulators.
• Infrastructure project appraisal should, as far as possible, be based on a consistent and transparent methodology.
• The OECD/ITF should publish a review of government and private sector infrastructure-related responses to the Covid‑19 pandemic.
• A formal policy framework should guide decisions on the stewardship of major infrastructure assets.
• Governments should review their infrastructure regulatory frameworks.
• Ex post performance assessment should be undertaken for all major projects.
• National infrastructure institutions and statistical agencies should co‑ordinate internationally to develop consistent infrastructure performance measures.
• Where cross-border infrastructure projects are adopted, they should be managed by a specific-purpose body with all parties represented. Policy objectives and performance standards should be clearly specified and governance, funding and accountability mechanisms established.

• Build on simple indicators for an aggregate analysis of rail performance.
• Use econometric models to better capture the complexity of rail performance.
• Develop a narrative of the drivers of rail performance.
• Invest more into data and indicators related to service quality.

• Enhance local connectivity along with improvement of international corridors.
• Price transit traffic to cover its full costs.
• Reform road investment and maintenance funding.
• Pursue private investments for cost efficiency.
• Support the creation of a modern logistics sector.
• Institutionalise best practices in transport planning.
• Set performance standards for customs.
• Straighten regional and international cooperation.

• Make use of smart technologies part of the response to congestion.
• Invest in improving junctions where these create bottlenecks.
• Use hard-shoulder running and ramp metering to get the most out of trunk road capacity.
• Use congestion pricing for active traffic management as part of integrated urban policies.
• Adopt barrier-free electronic tolling to remove bottlenecks.

• Distinguish between infrastructure and the operations that take place on it.
• To pursue private investment in infrastructure, choose between competition for the contract or the regulated model.
• Differentiate between attracting private investors in existing assets (privatisation) and in new infrastructure PPPs.

• Favour the use of confidential contracts.
• Consider the use of arbitration.
• Reinforce legal capacity.
• Develop financial accounting and reporting requirements.
• Consider adapting the standard North American financial reporting form for Mexico.
• Develop a standard waybill.
• Develop a waybill sample data collection and analysis system.
• Determine the structure of the waybill sample.
• Choose a contractor to process waybills.
• Establish a network modelling process to generate traffic flow analyses.