All Transport
Urban Logistics Hubs
19 June 2024
- Logistics is more than e-commerce. Urban logistics includes deliveries, distribution, returns, collections and servicing. A wide range of stakeholders with consumer and business demands are involved in the logistics ecosystem. Thinking about improving logistics started in e-commerce and now drives developments in the other segments.
- Shift to sustainable logistics. Logistics is unlikely the most beneficial use of real estate considering sparse urban space. But the absence of sustainably designed and operated urban logistics hubs could lead to more vehicles or more polluting vehicles in cities as no transshipment space is available.
- Strengthen understandings of logistics and hubs. Planning authorities should provide best-practice guidelines and frame policies for logistics and associated hubs without significantly increasing costs for operators and customers. The public sector should govern while the private sector should lead the construction, operation and management of logistics hubs.
ITF 交通运输展望2023
15 May 2024
- 为未来交通运输及燃料补充基础设施制定全面的发展战略
- 加速向清洁车辆转变
- 在最有效的地区实施交通模式转变和交通需求管理政策
- 评估政策时要考虑城区的额外收益
- 改革车辆税,捕获新车辆的外部成本
Perspectives des transports FIT 2023
29 April 2024
- Élaborer des stratégies globales au service de la mobilité et des infrastructures de demain
- Accélérer la transition vers des flottes de véhicules propres
- Mettre en œuvre des politiques de report modal et de gestion de la demande là où elles sont le plus efficaces
- Au stade de l’évaluation, considérer les avantages additionnels qu’une politique peut apporter aux zones urbaines
- Réformer la fiscalité automobile de façon à capter les coûts externes des nouveaux parcs de véhicules
Transport System Resilience
10 April 2024
- Transport networks are vulnerable.
Transport systems face multiple disruptions, from geopolitical tensions and climate change impacts to pandemics. Understanding these disruptions is crucial for strengthening their resilience. - Disruptions have spillover effects.
Transport networks are interconnected, and transport disruptions in one part of the world can easily spread to other regions. Managing such spillover effects requires inter-regional co-operation. - Be systematic about resilience.
The concept of transport resilience must be built into national-level policies, long-term plans, appraisal procedures, competition policies and transport indicators.
The Future of Public Transport Funding
27 February 2024
- Invest more. Greenhouse gas emissions from transport must decline rapidly to meet the Paris Agreement goals. As well as renewing vehicle fleets with electric vehicles, this requires modal shift towards public transport and active mobility. Public transport investments must increase significantly to enable the required modal shift.
- Focus on efficiency. More efficient infrastructure and service provision will contain the funding requirement. This requires coordinated institutional management arrangements, a strong focus on competition, a well-functioning multimodal mobility system, public investment decisions determined with efficiency in mind, and efficient financing choices.
- Fund from all sources. Sustainable public transport requires funding from three sources: users, through fares; governments, through general budgets and earmarked taxes; and taxes on indirect beneficiaries, including owners of land that increases in value when its accessibility improves.
Perspectivas del Transporte del ITF 2023
10 December 2023
- Desarrollar estrategias globales para la movilidad y las infraestructuras futuras.
- Acelerar la transición a flotas de vehículos limpios.
- Aplicar políticas de cambio de modo de transporte y gestión de la demanda allí donde sean
más eficaces. - Considerar los beneficios adicionales para las zonas urbanas al evaluar las políticas.
- Reformar la fiscalidad de los vehículos para reflejar los costes externos de los nuevos parques
automovilísticos.
ITF Transport Outlook 2023
23 May 2023
- Develop comprehensive strategies for future mobility and infrastructure
- Accelerate the transition to clean vehicle fleets
- Implement mode shift and demand-management policies where they are most effective
- Consider the additional benefits for urban areas when evaluating policies
- Reform vehicle taxation to capture external costs of new vehicle fleets
Broadening Transport Appraisal
31 August 2022
Develop long-term strategic infrastructure plans that explicitly identify transport policy objectives.
Broaden project appraisal to ensure its processes and practices take account of all transport policy objectives, as embedded in strategic infrastructure plans.
Incorporate accessibility indicators, or other relevant tools, to assess equity impacts in transport project appraisals.
Provide detailed guidance on accounting for climate change impacts in transport project appraisals, incorporating clear linkages between shadow carbon prices and emissions reductions commitments.
Present the results of transport project appraisals in a transparent and concise format that highlights needs-case assessments.
Ensure decision-making processes for large investments in transport systems account for uncertainties and the need for broad stakeholder support.
Integrate technical assessment, process management and public engagement into decision processes for major transport infrastructure investments.
Undertake systematic ex-post evaluation for all transport infrastructure projects entailing expenditure above an identified level.
Consider the merits of the permanent observatory model as a means of maximising the quality of evaluations.
Innovations for Better Rural Mobility
16 December 2021
- Formulate a countrywide accessibility policy and implement Sustainable Regional Mobility Plans (SRMP).
- Adopt a whole-of-government approach for rural public services and the local economy.
- Make regulations more flexible to allow for the development of innovative, cost-effective mobility solutions.
- Combine public mobility budgets to achieve cost savings.
- Fund pilot schemes to test innovative mobility concepts.
- Prioritise financial support for innovative services according to higher impact levels rather than use of high tech.
- Use innovative financing approaches to increase funding pools and viability of individual transport services.
- Increase central government funding for shared and active travel in rural areas.
- Provide technical assistance for rural mobility at the national or regional level.
- Promote mobility hubs to connect local services to the core network.
- Support the development of national or regional Mobility as a Service (MaaS).
Developing Strategic Approaches to Infrastructure Planning
22 February 2021
- Governments should adopt a strategic approach to infrastructure planning. This should be communicated clearly via an explicit, detailed and periodically updated strategic infrastructure plan.
- Strategic infrastructure plans should be linked to explicit infrastructure funding envelopes, with project pipelines identified, at least in broad terms.
- Governments should consider the merits of establishing independent infrastructure advisory bodies to provide transparent, expert advice on long-term, cross-sectoral infrastructure strategy, planning and policy development, as well as priorities for medium-to-longer-term infrastructure investment.
- Arrangements for the establishment of independent bodies should address key governance principles, such as those identified in the OECD’s Principles for the Governance of Regulators.
- Infrastructure project appraisal should, as far as possible, be based on a consistent and transparent methodology.
- The OECD/ITF should publish a review of government and private sector infrastructure-related responses to the Covid‑19 pandemic.
- A formal policy framework should guide decisions on the stewardship of major infrastructure assets.
- Governments should review their infrastructure regulatory frameworks.
- Ex post performance assessment should be undertaken for all major projects.
- National infrastructure institutions and statistical agencies should co‑ordinate internationally to develop consistent infrastructure performance measures.
- Where cross-border infrastructure projects are adopted, they should be managed by a specific-purpose body with all parties represented. Policy objectives and performance standards should be clearly specified and governance, funding and accountability mechanisms established.
Quantifying Private and Foreign Investment in Transport Infrastructure
15 March 2019
- Improve the collection and dissemination of disaggregated data on the level and characteristics of private investments in transport infrastructure.
What is Private Investment in Transport Infrastructure and Why is it Difficult?
28 January 2019
- Distinguish between infrastructure and the operations that take place on it.
- To pursue private investment in infrastructure, choose between competition for the contract or the regulated model.
- Differentiate between attracting private investors in existing assets (privatisation) and in new infrastructure PPPs.
Policy Directions for Establishing a Metropolitan Transport Authority for Korea's Capital Region
31 October 2018
- Address coordination between jurisdictions at all territorial levels.
- Make establishment of the Metropolitan Transport Authority an integral part of decentralisation.
- Leverage support of the national government to establish the Metropolitan Transport Authority.
- Engage with public opinion to create broad support for the creation of a Metropolitan Transport Authority.
- Choose the right scope when defining responsibilities of the new Metropolitan Transport Authority.
- Focus on delivery of the government’s priority objectives for transport provision.
- Provide the Metropolitan Transport Authority with the necessary technical and financial capacity using fiscal instruments that bring mobility benefits as well as raising funds.
Policy Priorities for Decarbonising Urban Passenger Transport
21 October 2018
- Develop coherent electric mobility strategies for urban areas.
- Tailor urban decarbonising pathways to the development priorities of different country groups.
- Engage in holistic and prospective urban development planning that prioritises connectivity between different modes of travel.
- Forge new collaborations between relevant actors to address the sustainability challenges of urban passenger transport.
- Continue to employ and refine demand management measures to incentivise the use of sustainable transport modes.
- Consider behavioural factors in both supply- and demand-side decarbonisation measures for urban transport.
Private Investment in Transport Infrastructure: Dealing with Uncertainty in Contracts
21 June 2018
- Pursue private investment in infrastructure on the merits of improved efficiency.
- Invest more into upfront preparation of projects to reduce inefficient risk pricing by suppliers.
- Undertake a comprehensive analysis of how to assist suppliers.
- The pursuit of certainty in delivery should be balanced against cost.
- Stimulate innovation through early contractor involvement or alliancing, not public-private partnerships.
- Avoid transferring demand risk to public-private partnerships if service levels do not strongly impact demand.
- Bundle and cross-fund public-private partnerships to reduce demand risk.
- Adopt the regulatory asset base model where competition is absent or demand not strongly endogenous.
- Introduce a transparent public accounting standard to maximise the value for money of private investment.
- Foster competitive markets to achieve cost-effective infrastructure.
- Pursue data collection on how contract design affects project outcomes.
- Support the development of an evidence-supported procurement tool.
Integrating Urban Public Transport Systems and Cycling
25 April 2018
- Design interchange stations to provide secure, uncongested conditions for transfer by the shortest routes possible.
- Provide adequate bike parking areas at stations and stops.
- Integrate ticketing and information systems as well as the physical transport infrastructure.
- Establish integrated urban transport plans in consultation with stakeholders and the public.
L'évaluation ex-post des investissements et interventions publiques dans les transports
27 November 2017
- Planifier d’emblée la collecte des données nécessaires à l’évaluation.
- Procéder à un exercice de vérification en cours d’exécution.
- Confier l’exercice de vérification à des entités indépendantes.
- Reconnaître la diversité des objectifs économiques des investissements dans les transports.
- Associer les partenaires locaux en démontrant l’efficacité du projet.
Shared Mobility Simulations for Auckland
27 November 2017
- Consider integrating shared mobility services into Auckland’s existing transport offer.
- Use shared services as feeder service for train, ferry and bus rapid transit services to increase use of public transport.
- Ensure shared mobility services are provided in a large enough area of Auckland.
- Target shared mobility services for potential early adopters.
- Integrate land use and transport policies to limit urban sprawl and support the uptake of shared mobility services.
- Create a legal and regulatory framework focused on delivering societal benefits from uptake of shared mobility services.
- Make sharing of performance data a pre-requisite for licensing shared mobility services.
Shared Mobility Simulations for Helsinki
11 October 2017
- Enable implementation of new shared mobility solutions in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area as an additional policy tool.
- Implement new shared mobility solutions at a sufficient scale to boost attractiveness and lower costs.
- Design shared mobility solutions so they feed rail/metro lines and replace low‑frequency, low‑occupancy bus services.
- Target shared mobility solutions for sub-urban car users currently not well served by public transport.
- Consider improvements in system capacity and access to rail and metro stations.
Mesurer les avantages socio-économiques des transports
1 October 2017
- Les directives relatives à l’ACA peuvent être élargies pour prendre en compte la fiabilité et certains effets plus larges.
- Des travaux de recherche supplémentaires sont nécessaires sur les avantages en matière de fiabilité afin d’améliorer la confiance dans les résultats.
- Les effets économiques plus larges devraient être étudiés dans les cas où l’on s’attend à ce qu’ils soient importants.
- Des travaux de recherche supplémentaires sont nécessaires sur les effets plus larges à saisir et les outils permettant de le faire.
- L’ACA peut jouer un rôle important dans la prise de décision, mais ne doit pas occuper une place prépondérante.
The Economic Benefits of Improved Accessibility to Transport Systems
30 May 2017
- Ex-post case studies of accessibility improvements can provide evidence on impacts.
- A large, ex-ante assessment of proposed measures to improve accessibility can shed light on the practical application of different methodologies.
- Accessibility research should be explicitly integrated with health and wellbeing research.
Shaping the Relationship Between Public Transport and Innovative Mobility
30 May 2017
- Focus on improving overall mobility outcomes, not just on lowering public transport costs.
- Set a vision for urban transport that includes full integration of innovative mobility options.
- Ensure partnerships between public transport and innovative mobility operators to improve mobility for all people, including those with disabilities.
- Target low-performing or costly routes, and leverage government assets to guide convergence.
- Split regulatory oversight from operation of urban transport and adapt procurement practices.
- Mitigate innovation risk for new services through pilots and portfolio management.
- Incentivise age- and disability-friendly interactions in partnerships between public transport and ride-service operators.
Transition to Shared Mobility
30 May 2017
- Start to integrate shared mobility solutions into existing urban transport plans.
- Leverage shared mobility to increase use of existing high-capacity public transport.
- Deploy shared mobility services in a phased way that maximises public acceptance.
- Optimise overall efficiency while assuring a healthy level of competition in the market.
- Limit exclusive occupancy of shared vehicles to avoid the erosion of traffic reduction and CO2 emissions.
- Leverage the significant potential of improved territorial accessibility created by shared mobility.
- Make shared mobility services fully accessible to citizens with reduced mobility benefits.
Linking People and Places
30 May 2017
- Design accessibility metrics to matter for people and policies.
- Leverage new data sources and methods for accessibility analysis.
- Invest in accessibility, not just roads, in fast growing cities.
- Make use of accessibility analyses to support decision-making.
Strategic Infrastructure Planning: International Best Practice
23 March 2017
- Systemic risks can be reduced where projects form part of a broad and long-term strategic plan.
- Strategic infrastructure planning carries its own risks, including technology's influence on demand- and supply-side considerations.
- When it works well, strategic planning can set out a stable set of priorities for future investment with durable cross-party support.
- A successful infrastructure planning process balances a stable framework with maintaining flexibility.
- The planning process requires clear objectives, a degree of independence and an open, collaborative approach.
- The planning methodology needs to address risks and uncertainties, take into account binding policy constraints and include considerations of pricing the use of infrastructure.
- A top-down approach to infrastructure planning to complement traditional project by project assessment is essential to a strategic assessment of long-term economic infrastructure needs across sectors.
- Infrastructure planning across sectors can help identify the most important systemic risks early.
- Using analytical methods such as a scenario-based approach to analysis can be helpful in future-proofing infrastructure plans.
- It is important to consider how demand for scarce infrastructure can be managed. Debt management need to be part of any strategic investment plan.
- A top-down approach could foster the development of an analytical framework for investment decisions reflecting both demand and supply side considerations.
Ex-Post Assessment of Transport Investments and Policy Interventions
27 February 2017
- Data collection for evaluation needs to be planned for from the outset.
- Audit transport projects throughout the project stages
- Use independent organisations to carry out audits of transport projects.
- Recognise the variety of economic goals targeted by transport investments.
- Involve local partners in providing evidence on performance.
Public Private Partnerships for Transport Infrastructure: Renegotiation and Economic Outcomes
23 February 2017
- Use renegotiation of PPPs only in exceptional cases.
- Use an independent jury to assess whether the outcome of a PPP is what parties might have been expected to negotiate had they foreseen a change that has occurred.
- Consider to task an independent body with determining when renegotiation of a PPP is legitimate.
- Include reputation and demonstrated competence in selection criteria for a PPP.
- Compare advantages and weaknesses of PPPs versus other forms of private capital.
Quantifying the Socio-economic Benefits of Transport
20 January 2017
- Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) guidelines can be expanded to include reliability and some wider impacts.
- Further research into reliability benefits is needed to improve confidence in results.
- Wider economic impacts should be examined in cases where they are expected to be significant.
- Further research into the impacts and tools for capturing wider impacts is needed.
- Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) can play an important role in decision making, but need not dominate.
Adapting Transport to Climate Change and Extreme Weather
14 December 2016
- Act now to preserve the value of transport infrastructure and maintain network performance.
- Protect transport infrastructure against climate impacts through good maintenance.
- Prepare for more frequent and unexpected failure of transport infrastructure.
- Account for temporary unavailability of transport assets in in service continuity plans.
- Assess vulnerability of transport assets and networks from climate change and extreme weather.
- Focus on transport system resilience, not just on designing robust infrastructure.
- Re-evaluate thinking on redundant transport infrastructure.
- Do not rely solely on cost-benefit analysis for appraising the value of transport infrastructure.
- Develop new decision-support tools that incorporate deep uncertainty into asset appraisal.
Regulation of For-Hire Passenger Transport: Portugal in International Comparison
9 June 2016
- Steer policy development towards mobility services that allow efficient achievement of public policy objectives regarding the needs of consumers and society.
- Encourage innovative and more flexible regulation of for-hire transport services.
- Embrace data-led regulation to improve societal outcomes.
- Keep the regulatory framework of for-hire passenger transport services as simple and uniform as possible.